Is all non-verbal communication required to be face-to-face?

Non-verbal communication encompasses a range of expressive modes beyond just face-to-face interactions. It includes gestures, body language, facial expressions, posture, and even forms of non-verbal cues that can be conveyed through technology. For example, a video call allows for the transmission of visual cues while maintaining distance, and written communication can carry tone and impact through italicization or capitalization, even if it's not directly face-to-face. This broad definition recognizes that non-verbal communication can occur in diverse contexts, enhancing interactions in both personal and professional environments. Thus, it is crucial to understand that while face-to-face interactions facilitate immediate non-verbal cues, they are not the only context in which non-verbal communication can happen.